Other insects with xylophagous larvae
CAPRICORN OF THE OAKS
CAPRICORN OF THE HOUSES
LARGE VRILLETTE
LYCTUS
SMALL VRILLETTE
SYREX
TRAMETES VERSICOLOR
MUSHROOM OF BLUEING
CONIOPHORE OF THE CELLARS
LENZITES
THE MERULE
MOULDS
PORIA
WHITE ROT
BROWN ROT
SOFT ROT
RED ROT
CAPRICORN OF THE OAKS
Group Coleopters
Family of Cerambycidae
Its cycle of development is appreciably similar with that of the Capricorn of the houses. The insect, black or brown color, lengthened form, is long 13 to 24 Misters Corps entirely covered with a clear irregular pubescence.
Of form lengthened with antennas almost as long as the body in the male, exceeding half the length
body in the female.
The laying is made in the cracks of wood 0,35 mm. The larval development is done in wood, that Ci must be dry (H>20 %). Adult, they are not nourished and live from 2 to 3 weeks.
CAPRICORN OF THE HOUSES
Group Coleopters
Family of Cerambycidae
The Capricorn tackles sapwood and with dry coniferous timber if wood is duraminisé.
The female lays from 20 to 100 œufs whose time of incubation is of approximately two weeks.
The larval development is carried out in a seasoned wood (H<30%), over one duration from 3 to 5 years. Of 3 mm to the birth, the larva can reach 30 mm right before the nymphose.
The insect of a size from 10 to 20 mm cuts out a hole of take-off from 6 to 12 mm in the part of wood separating the cabin from surface outside. It lives from 2 to 3 weeks. Of color generally black, élytres decorated of two white pubescent bands.
Form lengthened with antennas do not exceed half the length of the body in the male, shorter in the female.
Worm-holes: sawdust cylinders compressed a length from approximately 1 mm.
The perfect insect leaves wood towards mid-June until the end August.
After fecundation the female will deposit its œufs using its oviscapte in the slits of the piece of wood. The larvae tackle the resinous sapwoods often used in the frames, the parquet floors.
LARGE VRILLETTE
Group Coleopters
Family of Anobiidae
The gross vrillette tackles wood degraded by mushrooms, with the leafy trees and sometimes with the coniferous tree. She also attacks herself with duraminized perfect wood. The female lays a hundredœufs in several places, in the cracks and roughnesses of wood. The times of incubation is 5 to 6 weeks.
The larva measures from 5 to 12 mm and the larval cycle is 1 to 10 years according to the degree of cryptogamic deterioration of wood. The worm-hole is granulous in lenticular form from approximately 1 mm diameter. The holes of take-off (from 3 to 4 mm) are circular. The exit of the wood of the insect is observed about April-May. During this period, a sharp snap, regular and periodic, generated by a succession of ten blows of face of the insect against the walls of the galleries can be heard. The insect, of brown color, measures between 5 to 7 mm and its body is entirely covered with a yellow irregular pubsecence. Of squat form with bludgeon short antennas of 3 articles. Corselet curvature rounded with the angles.
LYCTUS
Group Coleopters
Family of Lyctidae
Lyctus tackles the sapwood and with the perfect wood of the dry and tender leafy trees. The female lays in the vessels of the sapwood of œthe ufs of a diameter lower than 0,05 mm. The duration of incubation is of approximately one or two weeks. The larva, white, of a size from four to eight millimetres with a cycle of evolution lower than one year. The worm-hole is very fine and flying. The holes of take-off are circular, of a diameter from 1 to 2 mm.
The insect, brown or roussatre, measurement from three to six millimetres, of lengthened form, quickly from 3 to 6 weeks (the female live approximately twice longer than the evil.
SMALL VRILLETTE
Group Coleopters
Family of Anobiidae
Small the vrillette tackles the coniferous trees and with the leafy trees. She attacks herself same with duraminized perfect wood. The female lays 20 to 30 œufs in the slits and roughnesses of wood. The duration of incubation is four to five weeks. The larval cycle is of approximately one to four years. The worm-hole is granulous in the shape of water drop.
The holes of take-off are 1 to 3 mm and are circular. The adult insect measures from 3 to 7 Misters Its élytres are striated longitudinally. An attack of small vrillette can be easily confused with an attack of Lyctus; differentiation will be done by the observation of the worm-hole.
SYREX
Group of Hymenoptères
The female of large the sirex or the common sirex lays from 50 to 500 œufs inside decaying wood or coldly cut down up to 8 to 10 mm of depth. The duration of incubation is 3 to 4 weeks. The larval development is carried out in a coniferous timber only (sapwood, perfect wood and duraminized wood), wet pendnat at least the first year of the cycle and to be completed.
The larva of sirex is white crèe and measures up to 40 mm for the common sirex and 50 mm for large the sirex. The worm-hole consists of copoeaux lengthened very packed in the galleries which a channel section long from 6 to 20 cm, perpendicular to the wire of wood. The holes of take-off are circular, of a diameter from 3 to 8 Misters the adult insect measures from 15 to 35 mm for the sirex common and from 15 to 50 mm for large the sirex. It saw a few weeks and is
without danger to the man because it does not prick.
TRAMETES VERSICOLOR
Classification:
Mushrooms lignivores of the white rot
Characteristics:
Mycelium: generally hidden in the mass of wood.
Carpophores: very apparent annual fruits, of a beautiful brown color, brown yellow and striped brown red, in the shapes of tiles or rivet washers. The margin of growth is white.
Conditions of development:
Time of hot and wet summer
Destruction of wood:
Attack yourself especially with the wood of leafy trees, in particular the beech. Destroyed lignin.
Origin and causes:
On the barks stored with the free air like on the pieces of furniture of garden out of wooden of leafy trees.
MUSHROOM OF BLUEING
Classification:
Mushroom of blueing. Distinction between primary education and secondary blueing.
Characteristics:
Blue colouring with black. Often penetrate of several centimetres in wood.
Conditions of development:
Témperature: 15 - 40 °C.
Wood moisture: > 25 %.
Destruction of wood:
There are not destruction of wood, but only one colouring.
Origin and causes:
Primary education blueing: it is generally the sapwood of sawing and the timber structural coldly sawn which are attacked (pine, sometimes also fir tree, spruce and larch like unquestionable exotic wood such as the koto, for example). Secondary blueing: drink untreated or varnish exposed with bad weather (doors of garages, doors, coatings of frontages, covered swimming pools, skating rinks, etc).
Economic importance:
The origin of primary education blueing on coldly sawn sawing and structural timber can involve heavy losses in the sawmills, because the bluish batches are not easily saleable. The damage caused by secondary blueing is rather of aesthetic nature that physical.
CONIOPHORE OF THE CELLARS
Classification:
Mushrooms lignivores of the brown rot
Characteristics:
Mycelium: contrary to the whining mérule, the mycelium is only very slightly developed. It is initially of white color, then becomes brown with brown dark with the age.
Carpophores: thin skin of yellow color brown, formant crust, very fragile at the dry state. Zone of yellow growth of color blanchâtre with brown yellow.
Conditions of development:
Temperature: from 5 to 35 °C/optimum from 22 to 26 °C
Wood moisture: from 50 to 60 %
Destruction of wood:
Destroyed cellulose especially.
Origin and causes:
It appears as well in the cellars as in the higher stages (structural timber and grounds out of wooden) like in the new and old buildings. It can also tackle the wood built with the free air.
Economic importance:
It is, after the whining mérule, most important of the mushrooms lignivores in the buildings.
LENZITES
The lenzites often attack the wood painted outside such as shutters, windows and doors.
Classification:
Mushrooms lignivores of the brown rot
Characteristics:
Mycelium: form the mushroom which is used as substrate and generally does not appear surfaces some like the visible mycelium. One can however observe some between narrowly assembled boards or in cracks of wood.
Conditions of development:
Temperature: from 5 to 35 °C/optimum from 29 to 30 °C.
Wood moisture: 38 % approximately.
Destruction of wood:
Attack yourself especially with the wood of coniferous tree.
Origin and causes:
With the free air, on built wood (palisades, fences, posts, cases with flowers and balconies). The windows are almost exclusively attacked by the lenzites.
THE MERULE
The mérule is a very destroying mushroom which tackles coniferous timber having an excessive or accidental moisture. The mérule develops by nourishing cellulose of the wood which will be transformed into dust. It develops its rhizomorphes through masonry, aspiring water and causing damage very important by the destruction of the mortar or the natural stones.
Treatment:
- Diagnosis by sampling and determination of the cause and of extended from invasion,
- Suppression of any cause of moisture,
- Removal of the contaminated woodworks and their destruction,
- Treatment of the masonries reached by the rhizomorphes by injection and pulverization of a specific fungicide,
- Replacement by pretreated woodworks.
MOULDS
Classification:
Other mushrooms
Characteristics:
Lives only on the surface of wood, without penetrating in the mass. Often give an appearance of wadding or sleeping bag.
Conditions of development:
Temperature: from 24 to 28 °C.
Wood moisture: from 30 to 150 %.
The growth is supported by humid air and stagnant.
Destruction of wood:
There is no destruction of wood, only one colouring which can be black, yellow, red or green.
Origin and causes:
Attack wood coldly sawn, but also the wood dried in ventilated and often heated new construction industries evil (!).
PORIA
Classification:
Mushrooms lignivores of the brown rot
Characteristics:
Mycelium: of white color with sometimes of the strong filaments like crystals of ice. Contrary to the whining mérule, it remains of white color and does not become breakable while drying.
Carpophores: of small size and with thin skin; the pores are quite visible withœit naked.
Conditions of development:
Temperature: from 3 to 36 °C/optimum from 26 to 27 °C
Wood moisture: from 35 to 45 %
Destruction of wood:
Attack yourself especially with the wood of coniferous tree. Destroyed mainly cellulose.
Origin and causes:
Old wet buildings, in the mines and with the free air.
Economic importance:
After the whining mérule and the coniophore of the cellars, it is the third more important mushroom lignivore in Europe.
WHITE ROT
Description:
The white rot is caused by mushrooms lignivores which, contrary to the brown rot, do not destroy cellulose, but lignin. The remaining cellulose gives to wood its typical color blanchâtre and its fibrous aspect.
BROWN ROT
Description:
The cubic decomposition and the brown color coming from
the lignin, which is not broken up, give the typical aspect of the
brown rot. The brown rot, commonly called cubic rot, is caused
by mushrooms lignivores which, contrary to the white rot, do not
destroy lignin, but cellulose. Brown lignin that does not
destroy mushroom gives to wood its typical brown colouring.
Attacked wood often takes the appearance of roots.
SOFT ROT
Description:
The soft rot is caused by microphone-mushrooms which destroy cellulose, like the brown rot. The mushrooms of the soft rot attack wood in contact with the ground. An attack is detectable outside only tardily. The wood attacked by the soft rot is on the other hand very tender and can be inserted without sorrow.
RED ROT
Classification:
Other mushrooms
Characteristics:
Reddish or red-brown discolouration, mainly of sapwood and less of the heart. If the attack is prolonged, wood becomes soft and streaked.
Conditions of development:
Temperature: 2 32 °C, ideal 20°C
Wood moisture: 25-150 %, ideal 50-120 %
Destruction of wood:
At the beginning of the attack, the damage is only aesthetic. But by a prolonged activity, this mushroom destroyed with the assistance of the enzymes initially lignin and then the cellulose what decreases resistance to the fléxion and the pressure resistance.
Origin and causes:
The attack concentrates primarily with the spruce and very seldom with the silver fir and the pine. It is initially the sapwood which is attacked.
